![]() Howard Gardner was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania USA in 1943 to German Jewish immigrant parents, and entered Harvard in 1961, where, after Gardner's shift from history into social relations (which included psychology, sociology, and anthropology) he met his early mentor Erik Erikson. Howard Gardner initially developed his ideas and theory on multiple intelligences as a contribution to psychology, however, Gardner's theory was soon embraced by education, teaching and training communities, for whom the appeal was immediate and irresistible - a sure sign that Gardner had created a classic reference work and learning model. Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory was first published in Howard Gardner's book, Frames Of Mind (1983), and quickly became established as a classical model by which to understand and teach many aspects of human intelligence, learning style, personality and behaviour - in education and industry. In addition to the VAK guide below, further VAK detail and VAK tests are available on the VAK tests page. On this point, the Kolb Learning Styles ge offers additional notes on the use of Learning Styles in young people's education. ![]() Therefore, as with any methodology or tool, use Multiple Intelligences concepts, VAK and other learning styles ideas with care and interpretation according to the needs of the situation. In the case of the Multiple Intelligences model, and arguably to a greater extent VAK (because VAK is such a simple model), remember that these concepts and tools are aids to understanding overall personality, preferences and strengths - which will almost always be a mixture in each individual person. Please remember that over-reliance on, or extreme interpretation of, any methodology or tool can be counter-productive. Occasionally well-intentioned people will write that the use of such models and tests is wrong because it 'pigeon-holes' people and ignores the point that we are all a mixture of styles and preferences, and not just one single type, which is true. Multiple Intelligences concepts and VAK ( or VARK or VACT ) learning styles models offer relatively simple and accessible methods to understand and explain people's preferred ways to learn and develop. Free multiple intelligences tests, and VAK learning styles
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